Anatomy
Structure | Function | Consequence of lesion / Notes |
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Fornix | * connects hippocampus to mamillary bodies * converts short → long-term memory | anterograde amnesia |
Anterior cingulate cortex | * medial pain pathway → affective-emotional component of pain (emotional reaction, how much bothers) | cingulotomy can target chronic intractable pain, OCD, MDD/GAD. THC, BURST spinal cord stimulation also target medial pathway |
Primary somatosensory cortex | * lateral pain pathway → actual physical sensation of pain (locaiton, quality, severity) | ㅤ |
genu of corpus callosum | voluntary cortical control of bladder originates here | * anteromedial frontal lobes also initiate this |
Lesion in | Clinical manifestation |
Cerebellar Hemisphere | extremities, dysmetria, intention tremor |
Cerebellar Vermis | broad based gait, truncal ataxia, titubation |
Brainstem | multiple CN, nystagmus (rotary/vertical), long-tract signs |
Dominant parietal lobe | Gerstmann's Syndrome: agraphia without alexia, L--> R confusion, finger agnosia, acalculia |
Non-dominant parietal lobe | topographic memory loss anosgnosia dressing apraxia |
Posterior parietal association cortex | hemineglect |
Temporal association cortex | prosopagnosia = inability to recognize familiar faces |
Posterior superior temporal gyrus (Wernicke's Area) | Receptive aphasia (impairment of language comprehension) |
Contralateral subthalamic nucleus / striatum, putamen | hemiballismus |
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