Electrolytes

 

Potassium

HYPO-KALEMIA
HYPER-KALEMIA
ㅤ
ㅤ
* side effect of phenobarb
ㅤ

Magnesium

  • increases AP duration and prolongs repolarization
  • causes depressant effect on CNS
HYPO-MAGNESEMIA
HYPER-MAGNESEMIA
- Ventricular arrythmia
- Afib
- seizures
- tremors
- hyperreflexia, tremors, fasiculations
- nystagmus
- HYPER-tension
co-occurs with hypokalemia / hypophosphatemia
ㅤ

Calcium

HYPO-CALCEMIA
HYPER-CALCEMIA
- QT prolongation
- (RARE): heart failure
ㅤ

Sodium

HYPO-natremia

Ideally you should correct hyponatremia at a rate of 4-6 mEq/L (max 8) in 24h period

Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome

at risk of occurring in acute symptomatic hyponatremia if correction is great than 9 mEq/L in the first 24 hours.
Symptoms: dysarthria, dysphagia, paraparesis, quadriparesis, seizures, lethargy, confusinon

SIADH

  • euvolemia
1753666976371-691.png

HYPER-natremia