Proximal Junctional Kyphosis (PJK) & Pseudo-arthrosis

FACTS

 

HPI

 

PHYSICAL EXAM

IMAGING

 
A/P
 

T-Score

  • A measurement of bone density compared to bone density of a healthy 30-year-old adult.
  • Normal: 0 to -1
  • Osteopenia: -1 to -2.5
  • Osteoporosis: -2.5 or below
Site
Typical Regions Measured
Clinical Use
Lumbar spine
L1–L4
Early trabecular loss, diagnosis
Hip
Femoral neck, total hip
Gold standard for diagnosis and fracture risk
Forearm
1/3 radius
Alternative site when hip/spine unavailable